Uterotibb is a traditional Unani polyherbal formulation used in women’s healthcare. Despite its longstanding traditional use, systematic evidence regarding its phytochemical composition and biological activities remains limited. The current study aimed to characterize the phytochemical constituents of Uterotibb and evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of its aqueous and ethanolic extracts to provide scientific support for its traditional use. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts were subjected to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) for phytochemical profiling. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging assays, while antimicrobial activity was assessed against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. IC₅₀ values and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined. GC–MS identified phenolic derivatives, lipophilic phenolics, fatty acid esters including hexadecanoic acid, terpenoids, aromatic compounds, quinone-related structures, and phytosterols. The ethanolic extract showed 95.7 ± 0.91% scavenging potential at 1.1 mg/mL concentration, where IC₅₀ values of 0.68 mg/mL for DPPH and 1.07 mg/mL for ABTS. The aqueous extract showed 86.86 ± 0.30% scavenging at 1.1 mg/mL concentration, with IC₅₀ values of 0.821 and 1.133 mg/mL for DPPH and ABTS respectively. Both extracts exhibited an MIC of 1 mg/mL against all tested Microorganisms. The ethanolic extract lowest IC₅₀ values against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were 0.38 and 0.52 mg/mL, respectively, compared with1.62 and 2.15mg/mL for the aqueous extract against tested bacterial strains. The findings support the traditional use of Uterotibb and highlight its potential as a source of bioactive phytochemicals warranting further pharmacological investigation.