Transportation infrastructure is critical to economic transformation and sustainable development in emerging African economies, yet inadequate financing continues to constrain the development and efficiency of transport systems. This study examines the effect of transportation infrastructure financing on sustainable development, using economic growth as the principal indicator, with particular attention to public-private partnerships (PPPs), public investment, infrastructure bonds, concessional loans, and sovereign funds. The study adopted a quantitative survey design and analysed 2,836 valid responses obtained from transportation and logistics organisations. Least square regression was employed to examine the relationships between the financing mechanisms and sustainable development, while logistic regression was used as a robustness check. The results reveal positive and statistically significant relationships across all five financing mechanisms. Infrastructure bonds recorded the strongest estimated relationship (3.231), followed by public investment (2.841), sovereign funds (2.767), PPPs (2.764), and concessional loans (2.667), all significant at the 1% level. The robustness analysis further supports the consistency of the findings. The study concludes that diversified and effectively managed transportation infrastructure financing can contribute significantly to sustainable development in emerging African economies. It recommends stronger institutional capacity, improved governance, and strategic diversification of public and private financing sources.