Traditional Institutions (TIs) in Kamporijo Circle of Kamle District, Arunachal Pradesh are fundamental to the governance, culture and livelihood of indigenous communities, especially the Nyishi people. In terms of economy, Traditional Institutions play an important role in facilitating dispute resolutions, resource management and the sustenance of livelihoods. Traditional Institutions promote traditional land-use systems including jhum cultivation and the simultaneous use of community forests according to principles of reciprocity and balance in nature. Objective: The study aims to examine the role and functions of Traditional Institutions (TIs) in Kamporijo Circle of Kamle District of Arunachal Pradesh. Research Methodology: The study utilises a qualitative analytical research design to characterize the role and functions of Traditional Institutions (TIs) in Kamle district of Arunachal Pradesh. Adopting qualitative protocol allows for a more comprehensive and situated understanding of TIs within local cultural implications. Results and Discussions: The conceptual framework provides insight into how traditional institutions operate within the context of Nyishi tribal society in Kamporijo and explains the role of these institutions within the framework of greater socio-cultural issues, rather than viewing them in isolation. It bridges between indigenous knowledge systems and modern institutional frameworks, thus providing a culturally grounded approach to studying development, governance, and social transformation in tribal areas of Arunachal Pradesh. Conclusion: Their main functions as dispute resolution, the gatekeeper of customary land rights, and moral arbiter are legitimised by social consent and the familiarity of the villagers. TIs operate as harmonising conflict resolution mechanisms, emphasising reconciliation, restorative justice, conventional significance and a legitimate basis to redress grievances that preserve community harmony.