Transportation and logistics constitute critical components of regional economic development, facilitating the movement of people, agricultural products, industrial goods, and services across South-Eastern Nigeria. However, the region continues to experience significant transportation and logistics challenges, including deteriorating road infrastructure, traffic congestion, inadequate intermodal connectivity, high transportation costs, poor maintenance culture, insecurity, inefficient freight systems, and limited adoption of modern logistics technologies. These challenges constrain trade, reduce productivity, increase travel time, and weaken the competitiveness of businesses and communities within the region. Despite these limitations, South-Eastern Nigeria possesses considerable opportunities for improving transportation and logistics through infrastructure modernization, public-private partnerships, digital logistics platforms, multimodal transportation systems, improved road maintenance, investment in rail and inland water transportation, and strengthened regional cooperation. This paper examines the major challenges and opportunities associated with transportation, logistics, and management in South-Eastern Nigeria and proposes strategies for achieving sustainable regional development. The study adopts a qualitative approach based on the review of relevant literature, policy documents, and existing evidence on transportation and logistics development in the region. It emphasizes the need for integrated transportation planning, effective institutional management, sustainable infrastructure investment, technology-driven logistics systems, enhanced security, and environmentally responsible transportation practices. The paper argues that coordinated intervention by government, private-sector stakeholders, transport operators, and local communities can significantly improve mobility, strengthen supply chains, stimulate regional trade, create employment, and promote inclusive economic growth. Sustainable transportation and logistics management should therefore remain a priority for the long-term socioeconomic transformation of South-Eastern Nigeria.