Background: Early childhood oral hygiene is vital for preventing dental diseases like early childhood caries (ECC), a common chronic condition in children worldwide. Parents and caregivers are crucial in establishing and supervising oral care habits from infancy. Cariogenic bacteria, especially Streptococcus mutans, can be transmitted from caregivers to children through everyday behaviors, increasing caries risk. Despite this, parental knowledge about early oral hygiene and bacterial transmission varies, which can delay preventive care. Improving parental awareness and the mechanism of bacterial transmission is vital for effective pediatric oral health promotion and prevention of early childhood caries. Aim: To assess parental awareness and knowledge regarding early childhood oral hygiene and caregiver-to-child transmission of cariogenic bacteria, and to identify demographic factors associated with this awareness. Methodology: The study was conducted among 200 participants and consists of a cross-sectional survey tailored to the parents who applied to the clinic in questionnaires. Participation was completely voluntary, and parents who submitted a fully completed questionnaire and volunteered to participate were included, whereas parents did not answer at least one question, or were unable to read or write excluded. Results: Among the 200 participants, awareness regarding early childhood oral hygiene and bacterial transmission was generally low, and only a small proportion correctly identified when the brushing should begin. Awareness of cariogenic bacterial transmission was also low. A significant association was found between parental age and the initiation of toothbrushing (p = 0.005), whereas no significant associations were observed with gender, education, or awareness of bacterial transmission (p > 0.05).