Solid electrolytes are commonly designed using static descriptors such as crystallographic bottlenecks, vacancy concentrations, and migration barriers, yet emerging evidence shows that anion translation, rotation, vibration, and disorder can actively reorganize ionic energy landscapes. This review establishes a unified materials framework linking dynamic anion sublattices, cooperative ion migration, and metastable pathway engineering across lithium-, sodium-, proton-, and multivalent-ion conductors. A literature synthesis will compare sulfides, halides, oxyhalides, complex hydrides, solid acids, antiperovskites, and amorphous or partially crystalline electrolytes. Particular emphasis is placed on distinguishing independent hopping from correlated, concerted, paddle-wheel, and phonon-assisted transport; identifying when anion motion is causal rather than merely coincident; and determining how mixed-anion chemistry, defects, strain, mechanochemistry, quenching, and controlled amorphization stabilize transport-active configurations. Mode-resolved spectroscopy, neutron methods, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, total scattering, ab initio molecular dynamics, enhanced sampling, and machine-learned interatomic potentials are critically evaluated for resolving coupled sublattice dynamics across time and length scales. Quantitative structure–dynamics–transport relationships are proposed using conductivity, activation energy, correlation factors, rotational timescales, phonon characteristics, disorder metrics, and electrochemical stability. The review concludes with experimentally testable design rules and standardized reporting priorities for discovering room-temperature solid electrolytes that combine rapid ion conduction, metastable retention, interfacial compatibility, and device-level durability.