The aim of the study was to assess morbidity and mortality among low birth weight newborns in the Markala Health District. Patients and Methods : This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study conducted in the Markala Health District. Inclusion Criteria: Newborns with a birth weight of less than 2,500 g who were born and/or received care at a healthcare facility in the Markala Health District during the data collection period were included. Exclusion Criteria: Newborns with a birth weight of less than 2,500 g who came from another health district were excluded. Results: The average weight of low birth weight newborns was 1,964.58 grammes, with a mode of 2,000. The standard deviation was 402.972. The sex ratio favoured females, at 1.07. Factors associated with morbidity and mortality included, amongst others: Infection (60 per cent), respiratory distress (30 per cent) and hypothermia (10 per cent). It should also be noted that 90 per cent of deaths among low birth weight (LBW) infants occurred in pregnancies with a CPN rate of less than three (03). One third (70 per cent) of these LBW infants were delivered vaginally. The mortality rate was 8.8 per cent. Conclusion: This study identified the factors associated with morbidity and mortality in low birth weight newborns, with the main determinants identified including infections, respiratory distress, low birth weight, low rates of antenatal care, and obstetric history (e.g. hypertension).