Nutritional Evaluation and Phytochemical Analysis of Ageratum conyzoides Leaves in Relation to Hypertension Management
Ogunboye Adebayo A., Adeniji Funmilola F., Adewole Mulikat A., Odutayo Oluwatofunmi E.
Abstract
Plants remain one of the most valuable sources of therapeutic agents for managing diseases and maintaining health. Ageratum conyzoides (AC) belongs to the family Asteraceae and has been known since antiquity for its medicinal properties and effectiveness in the treatment of various ailments ranging from skin disease, fever, to relief colic, flatulence, dysentery, and diarrhea. Despite its extensive ethnomedicinal use, limited scientific evidence exists to substantiate its pharmacological properties. This study was therefore designed to determine its nutrition and phytochemical component as herbal remedy for hypertension. Proximate analysis (%) shows that the plant has a low moisture content (6.57 ± 0.053), a low crude protein content (8.15 ± 0.041), low concentration of fat (3.10 ± 0.000), a moderate amount of fibre (16.58 ± 0.088), low Ash content (4. 29 ± 0.010) and high amount of carbohydrate (61.21 ± 0.010). This confirms AC as a good source of energy and fibre that aids digestion and improve the intestinal tract. The phytochemical constituents (Tannins, Phenols, Alkaloids, Flavonoids and Saponins) were found to be 2.79%, 49.03mg/g, 0.94%, 38.22mg/g and 3.80% respectively. This confirms the plant’s richness in phytochemicals and antioxidant compounds. The concentration of essential amino acids (mg/g protein) (Leucine, Lysine, Phenylalanine, Isoleucine, Threonine, and Methionine) were found to be 66.00, 38.05, 48.00, 36.00, 38.00 and 16.05 showing the nutritional quality of AC. Mineral compositions (mg/100g) (magnesium, calcium, iron, potassium, phosphorus, sulphur, manganese, cobalt, selenium and zinc) were found to be 27.45, 65.00, 8.16, 720.07, 100.42, 25.00, 5.15, 0.05, 0.72 and 2.24 confirming the nutritional and medicinal richness of Ageratum conyzoides as a herbal remedy. This study demonstrated that dietary supplementation of Ageratum conyzoides in local delicacy (black soup) has the potential to improve the nutritional status vis a vis the overall health benefit with regards to hypertension and other traditional use.