The Monpa tribe of Arunachal Pradesh is one of the important indigenous tribes of the Eastern Himalayas whose livelihood and food systems are intricately linked with the ecological and cultural landscape of the region. The present study focuses on the traditional food habits and livelihood patterns of the Monpa people with a view to understanding the interdependence of natural resources, subsistence practices and socio-cultural traditions. The diet of the Monpa people consists of locally available cereals, millets, vegetables, fermented foods, dairy products and meat, showing adaptation to the high altitude climatic conditions. Indigenous knowledge is important for food preservation, seasonal consumption and sustainable resource use. However, the report also notes the emergence of changes from market integration, infrastructural development and changing consumption patterns which are slowly beginning to influence traditional livelihoods and food practices. Understanding these dynamics is important to frame development policies that are sensitive to the culture, ensure food security and promote sustainable livelihood strategies among the Monpa community. The study underscores the need for maintaining traditional knowledge systems alongside modern interventions for inclusive and sustainable development.