Background: Anaemia is a common and clinically significant complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that contributes to cardiovascular morbidity and accelerated disease progression. Diabetes mellitus (DM), a leading cause of CKD has been independently associated with a higher prevalence and greater severity of anaemia. Objective: To compare the prevalence and severity of anaemia between diabetic and non-diabetic CKD patients and to identify independent predictors of moderate-to-severe anaemia in this population. Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Nephrology, Tangail Medical College and Hospital, Tangail, Bangladesh, from June 2024 to May 2025. A total of 348 patients with CKD were enrolled, including 174 diabetic CKD patients and 174 age- and sex-comparable non-diabetic CKD patients. Anaemia was defined according to World Health Organization (WHO) sex-specific hemoglobin (Hb) cut-offs (<13 g/dL in males and <12 g/dL in females) and further classified as mild, moderate or severe. Data were analyzed and compared by statistical tests. Results: Diabetic CKD patients were significantly older (59.2±10.2 versus 55.8±11.7 years; p= 0.005) and had a more advanced CKD stage distribution (56.9% versus 42.5% in Stage 4-5; p<0.001). Mean hemoglobin was significantly lower in the diabetic group (10.04±1.89 versus 11.16±2.04 g/dL; p<0.001), and anaemia was significantly more prevalent (87.4% versus 71.3%; p<0.001), with a significant shift toward moderate-to-severe grades (48.9% versus 27.6%; p<0.001). Diabetic status remained an independent predictor of moderate-to-severe anaemia after adjustment for CKD stage, age and disease duration [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.24, 95% CI 1.36–3.68; p= 00.001], with CKD Stage 4-5 the strongest predictor (AOR 6.32, 95% CI 3.81–10.48; p<0.001). Conclusion: Diabetic CKD patients demonstrated significantly higher prevalence and severity of anaemia than non-diabetic CKD patients, which is independent of CKD stages. Routine, regular hemoglobin screening should be incorporated into the clinical management of diabetic CKD patients.