The study of time management has gained prominence due to its significant correlation with productivity, academic and professional achievement, psychological well-being, and self-regulation. Multidimensional productivity solutions that incorporate cognitive, behavioral, motivating, and environmental factors have gradually replaced traditional scheduling and prioritization strategies. The field of time management is still conceptually fragmented, with many strategies having a lot of overlap and no comparative synthesis across categories, even though time management techniques are quickly becoming popular in academic literature, professional training, and digital productivity platforms. This review provides a comprehensive narrative synthesis of applications for managing one's own time in a structured functional classification framework. There are many different types of strategies, but some of the most common ones include systems for managing tasks, systems for prioritizing tasks, systems for reducing distractions, systems for managing energy and wellbeing, systems for collaborative time management, and systems for focusing on concentration and deep work. The functional purpose, cognitive and behavioral mechanisms, practical applications, strengths, and limitations of each category were the primary areas of focus in the comparative analysis. Despite differences in terminology and implementation, the review shows that time management systems frequently display similar mechanisms such as attentional control, self-regulation, executive functioning, behavioral automation, and environmental structuring. Because effectiveness depends on contextual needs, cognitive load, personality attributes, and individual goals, the results show that no one method is inherently better. This review provides a structured framework that helps people choose and apply time management strategies based on evidence. It does this by integrating classification, mechanism-based interpretation, and comparative analysis to address conceptual fragmentation in the literature.