Background: School vision screening is an effective strategy for early detection of visual impairment among children. However, shortage of eye care personnel in low- and middle-income countries necessitates the involvement of non-eye health workers such as school teachers. This study assessed the usability of trained school teachers for vision screening and identification of common eye conditions among primary school pupils in Kaduna North Local Government Area, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted among 352 primary school pupils aged 5–15 years selected from 11 public and private schools in Kaduna North Local Government Area. Twenty-two teachers (two per school) underwent structured training on visual acuity assessment using Peek Acuity and Tumbling E-chart as well as identification of common external eye abnormalities. Teachers screened pupils for vision impairment and ocular abnormalities and referred suspected cases for evaluation by an ophthalmology research team. Data were analysed using Stata MP version 14. Results: The teachers successfully screened all 352 pupils comprising 704 eyes. Eighteen pupils (2.6%) were identified as having visual acuity worse than 6/12 using Peek Acuity while 14 pupils (2.0%) were identified using the Tumbling E-chart. Teachers identified ocular abnormalities in 96 pupils (27.3%), including itching (16.8%), eye discharge (5.4%), red eye (4.6%), and abnormal whitish reflex (0.6%). Overall, 110 pupils (31.3%) were referred for further ophthalmic assessment. Subsequent evaluation by the ophthalmology team confirmed ocular conditions among referred pupils, including conjunctivitis, refractive errors, cataract, ptosis, and corneal scars. The prevalence of refractive error was 2.3%, while vision impairment was detected in 2.27% of pupils. Agreement between teacher-administered visual acuity assessments using Peek Acuity and Tumbling E-chart was high (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.804). Conclusion: School teachers can effectively participate in vision screening following structured training. Their ability to identify visual impairment and common ocular abnormalities demonstrates the feasibility of integrating teacher-led screening into school eye health programmes. This approach may improve early detection and referral of eye conditions in resource-limited settings.