Climate Change and the World of Sport: Implications for Athletes, Competition and Infrastructure
Anil Kumar N, Abhaydev C. S.
Abstract
Climate change is an intensifying force reshaping the global sporting landscape. From elite international competitions to community-level recreation, rising temperatures, extreme weather events and shifting environmental conditions are profoundly affecting how sport is played, organised and sustained. Thus, this paper is an attempt to explore the multidimensional implications of climate change for athletes, competition frameworks and sports infrastructure, highlighting the urgent need for proactive adaptation and mitigation strategies within the sports sector. For athletes, the most direct consequences stem from increased heat exposure and deteriorating air quality. Prolonged training and competition in high temperatures elevate risks of heatstroke, dehydration and cardiovascular strain, while poor air quality impairs respiratory function and recovery. Outdoor sports such as athletics, football, tennis and cycling face heightened physiological demands, altering performance outcomes and increasing health-related withdrawals. Moreover, psychological stressors, including uncertainty about event cancellations and concerns over long-term health, add another layer of burden. Winter sports are particularly vulnerable, with declining snow cover and glacier retreat threatening venues for skiing, snowboarding and bobsleigh. Major events such as the Winter Olympics have already faced logistical challenges to secure adequate snow, prompting a rethinking of host selection and timing. Simultaneously, the carbon footprint of sports infrastructure, particularly energy-intensive arenas and sprawling event campuses, contributes to the very problem it must adapt to. As climate impacts intensify, the world of sport stands at a crossroads: continue business-as-usual while facing escalating disruptions or embrace its role as a catalyst for resilience and sustainability. In short, the choices made today will determine whether sport remains a viable, equitable and inspiring pursuit for future generations.