Background and Objective: The environment serves as a gateway to many disease conditions, especially when compromised or altered. Bayelsa State is known for its fragile environment, occasioned by crude oil contamination, reckless gas flaring, illegal artisanal oil refining, flooding, and gross lack of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) systems. These factors have direct correlations with Communicable diseases (CDs) and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This study is therefore designed to establish a verifiable basis for the impact of environmental degradation and contamination on the health conditions of residents in Bayelsa State. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study reviewed this thematic discourse using secondary data and literature sources from search engines and internationally revered publication platforms such as Elsevier, Scopus, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, Francis and Tylor, Springer, and a handful of others. Results: The findings have clearly shown that environmental degradation and contamination have obvious effects on the health conditions of the residents of Bayelsa State. Public health conditions such as infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, malaria, cancer, pulmonary diseases, cardiac diseases, renal failure, infertility, congenital disorders, diabetes, and hypertension topped the list of associated diseases. Conclusion: There is a two-prong approach to resolving the disease proliferations associated with environmental degradation in Bayelsa State. Firstly, there is a need for effective policy directions by the federal and state governments in addressing the issue of environmental degradation using internationally accepted standards sourced locally. Secondly, it is on the side of the citizens to be responsive in ensuring an assurance of an environmentally friendly ecosystem in Bayelsa State.