Traditional Institutions (TIs) represent tribal societies, where council decisions were made based on consensus through custom. Some tribal societies have formal political institutions called Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) (PRIs were created by the 73rd Constitution Amendment Act (CAA) of 1992). PRIs are a typical form of decentralised local government in India, based on the democratic decentralisation process, whereas TIs are historically based on trial and custom, while the PRIs are responsible for the governance of social development (such as the provision of basic necessities) and the governance of administrative functions (e.g. maintaining the rule of law) in tribal societies and are governed by TIs and PRIs because the two systems reflect legal pluralism (i.e. the recognition of more than one legal framework) and institutional hybridity (i.e. combination of different governing institutions). In conclusion, good governance in terms of both fulfilment of citizens' basic needs and expansion of economic opportunities at the grassroots level in Arunachal Pradesh requires integration of both systems and cooperation between the plans and the processes used to establish governance and ensure both accountability to democracy and cultural identity and the establishment of indigenous practices.