Sustainable management of marine fauna globally is increasing due to anthropogenic demands, the decline in biodiversity, and climate-related changes in the ecosystem. Combining ecological concepts and fisheries science would provide an overall approach to achieving a balance between conservation objectives and food security requirements. This review critically evaluates how there are converging approaches between ecosystem-based management, population dynamics, and adaptive fisheries strategies that can contribute to improving resilience in marine systems. It lays stress on trophic relationships, habitat connectivity and species-specific response to exploitation, indicating the shortcomings of conventional single-species management strategies. More sophisticated tools like ecosystem modeling, remote sensing, and data-driven stock assessments are elaborated as key ingredients of informed decision making. Furthermore, the contribution of governance systems, stakeholder involvement, policy consistency is gauged in promoting sustainable exploitation and maintenance of ecological integrity. New ideas such as climate-smart fisheries, biodiversity-inclusive management and nature-based solutions are discussed in response to the uncertainty that might occur in the future. The synthesis emphasizes the need to work across disciplines to reduce overfishing, habitat destruction and ecosystem imbalance. This method will bring ecological theory and fisheries into a balance to advance long-term sustainability, increase adaptive capacity, and restore marine biodiversity. Finally, ecology and fisheries science should be integrated as a paradigm shift to whole ocean stewardship, which guarantees the survival of marine life and the marine ecosystem services it offers at a time of unprecedented environmental change.