This study aimed to evaluate the morphometric characteristics and anatomical variations of the atlas (first cervical vertebra) in the North-East Bihar population to support safer surgical interventions at the craniovertebral junction. A descriptive cross-sectional osteological study was conducted on 70 dried, intact adult atlas vertebrae using a Vernier caliper for precise measurements. Parameters assessed included vertebral canal dimensions, superior and inferior articular facets, and anterior and posterior arch heights. The results demonstrated a mean atlas width of 69.03 mm, with consistent vertebral canal dimensions indicating adequate space for neurovascular structures. Most parameters showed bilateral symmetry, except for the transverse diameter of the superior articular facet, which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Overall, the findings revealed low variability and a homogeneous pattern, suggesting structural stability with minor functional adaptations. These morphometric insights are clinically relevant for surgical planning and instrumentation at the craniovertebral junction.