Ovarian cysts are common gynecological conditions that affect women of reproductive age and vary widely in types, and associated demographic factors. This study investigated the distribution types, hormonal profile, and histological patterns of ovarian cysts among 414 female patients in a tertiary hospital, as well as their association with age and ethnicity. Data were obtained through ultrasonographic and hormonal analyses, including serum levels of FSH, LH, estradiol, progesterone, and prolactin, and analyzed using ANOVA and Chi-square tests. The majority of participants were aged 27–36 years, with cysts occurring more frequently in the right ovary (46.1%) than the left (35.7%), while 18.1% were bilateral. Dermoid cysts were the most prevalent (22.5%), followed by endometriomas (19.8%), cystadenomas (19.1%), and polycystic ovarian cysts (15.7%), whereas malignant cysts accounted for 9.4% of cases. Ethnic group was significantly associated with cyst type (p < 0.001) but not with cyst location, and age group also showed a significant association with cyst type (p = 0.008). No significant variations were found in hormonal levels across cyst types or ethnic groups (p > 0.05). These findings indicate that dermoid cysts remain the most common benign ovarian cysts, predominantly affecting women in their reproductive years, with a right-sided predominance. Although hormonal profiles showed no statistical variation, the relationship between age, ethnicity, and cyst type suggests possible genetic and environmental influences. The relatively higher incidence of malignant cysts observed underscores the need for early detection, regular screening, and timely intervention to prevent complications and improve reproductive health outcomes.