Communities in Nigeria, from the coastal region of the southern part of Nigeria to the Northern Sahel, contend with various environmental health challenges, ranging from crude and refined oil spillage, large-scale bush burning, unregulated mining and industrial waste disposal, open defecation just to mention but a few. Although, these challenges mainly anthropogenic in nature, exist in various communities with abundant mineral resources supply, their implications on the socio-economic and environmental well-being of communities calls for concern. Hence, the crux of this paper. From a qualitative methodological approach, mainly reliance on secondary source, revealed the existence of environmental health challenges like crude oil spillage in oil producing communities within the south-south region of Nigeria, with serious consequences on the socio-economic and environmental well-being of communities. More so, the environmental health quality of communities in south-west region was found to be affected with Lead exposure discharged from industrial waste, with adverse impact on the socio-economic and environmental well-being of host communities. While south-south and south-west contend with crude oil spill and lead exposure; communities within the south-east region face serious environmental health threats mainly attributed to heavy metals deposit such as lead, copper and cadmium resulting from illegal mining operation. Furthermore, the environmental health quality of communities in the north-west and north-central region of Nigeria was found to be affected with illegal (mainly, gold) mining operations and open defecation, with devastating implications on the well-being of communities. From these findings, the study advocates strengthening and improving environmental adult education programmes in complementing existing efforts, for ensuring desired socio-economic and environmental well-being of communities in Nigeria.