Background: Peripheral neuropathies and neuromuscular disorders are major causes of neurological morbidity and nerve conduction studies (NCS) are central to their evaluation. Data on electrophysiological patterns in Bangladesh are limited. This study aimed to describe the demographic profiles and patterns of neuropathy among patients undergoing nerve conduction studies in a tertiary neurocare hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at the Neurophysiology Laboratory of the National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from September 2024 to August 2025. This study reviewed the neuroelectrophysiological records of 1,500 patients. Demographic data, type of investigation and final electrophysiological diagnoses were extracted and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results: The majority of patients were aged 21–40 years (43.7%), with near-equal sex distribution. NCS alone was the most frequently performed investigation (76.8%). Normal electrophysiological findings were observed in 32.5% of the patients. Carpal tunnel syndrome was the most common abnormal diagnosis (28.0%), followed by Guillain–Barré syndrome (14.2%) and mononeuropathy (9.3%), respectively. Bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome was slightly more frequent than unilateral disease, with mild severity. Among Guillain–Barré syndrome cases, acute motor axonal neuropathy was the most common subtype. Conclusion: Nerve conduction studies reveal a wide spectrum of neuropathies in routine clinical practice, with carpal tunnel syndrome and Guillain–Barré syndrome predominating. These findings provide valuable baseline data for understanding neuropathy patterns and optimizing neurophysiological services in Bangladesh.