The digital era has markedly increased screen exposure among young children. In Indonesia, 39.71% of early children use smartphones. In East Nusa Tenggara, the prevalence reached 44.69% in urban and 34.76% in rural areas. Excessive screen time is associated with reduced parent-child interaction, poor self-regulation, and delayed personal social skills. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between screen time duration and personal-social development of children aged 2-5 years in Kupang. A quantitative cross-sectional correlational design was applied to 60 respondents selected through consecutive sampling. Screen time duration was measured using a modified and validated version of the Surveillance of Digital Media Habits in Early Childhood Questionnaire (SMALLQ; Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.875) and categorized as normal (≤60 minutes/day) or excessive (>60 minutes/day) based on recommendations from the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Personal social development was assessed using the Developmental Pre-Screening Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test and contingency coefficient (α = 0.05). Ethical approval was obtained from the Faculty of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Nusa Cendana (No.37/UN15.21/KEPK-FKKH/2025). The result showed that 31 (51.7%) had excessive screen time, and among them, 27 children (77.1%) demonstrated personal-social development that was not age-appropriate. A significant correlation was found (p < 0.001; C = 0.517), indicating a moderately strong relationship. These findings indicate that longer screen time exposure is significantly associated with a higher likelihood of delayed personal social development. Parental supervision and limiting screen time to a maximum of one hour per day are essential to support optimal developmental outcomes.