Background: Medically unnecessary cesarean Section is a persistent concern worldwide, exacerbating adverse health outcomes for maternals and infants. Furthermore, global data indicates high rates of cesarean births, exceeding the recommended levels (10-15%) set by the World Health Organization. Objective: This literature review aimed to examine the effects of cesarean Section on both the Maternal and Child, in comparison to vaginal delivery. Methods: This research was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, using the search engines MDPI, PubMed, and Semantic Scholar to identify articles published between 2016 and 2024. As part of the systematic review process, this yielded 599 studies; after screening and assessment, nine studies met the inclusion criteria. As part of the systematic analysis, the researchers examined study characteristics in terms of author, title, objective, sample design, sample size, data collection method, and outcomes. Results: The study showed that medically recommended cesarean Section reduces maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality rates. Unnecessary and medically inadvisable cesarean Section affects both the Maternal and the child, or both. For moms, having a cesarean section raises the chances of having headaches, physical problems, hip pain, trouble doing everyday tasks, and trouble breastfeeding after the child is born. For in-fants, the effects include respiratory problems, obesity, abnormal behavioral characteristics, and recurrent illnesses. The risk of disrupted feeding and sleeping patterns has also been found to be lower among infants born by cesarean section compared to those born vaginally. Furthermore, the disparity in cesarean Section rates between private and public facilities highlights the influence of social, economic, and institutional factors Conclusion: The high rate of cesarean Section is influenced by complex medical, social, economic, cultural, and institutional factors. While cesarean Section is a life-saving intervention when medically indicated, cesarean Section when medically indicated poses significant health, psychological, and behavioral risks to both Maternals For infants, the effects include respiratory problems, obesity, abnormal behavioral characteristics, and recurrent illnesses. The risk of disrupted feeding and sleeping patterns has also been found to be lower among infants born by cesarean section compared to those born vaginally.