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Scholars International Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine (SIJTCM)
Volume-8 | Issue-09 | 216-223
Review Article
The Systemic Burden of Chronic Hepatitis C: A Comprehensive Review of Hepatic and Extrahepatic Complications in the Era of Direct-Acting Antivirals
Chandan A Patil, Lohith Potnuri, Preethi Siddharaju, Puneet Kumar Maheshwari, Om Praksh Manu, Mamatkulova Nazgul Mamatkulovna
Published : Oct. 23, 2025
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/sijtcm.2025.v08i09.002
Abstract
A defining and perilous characteristic of chronic HCV infection is its insidious, often asymptomatic nature. Many infected individuals, including a significant proportion of those who progress to advanced liver scarring, remain unaware of their condition for decades.[1] Symptoms, when they do appear, are frequently nonspecific and mild, such as fatigue, malaise, or intermittent joint pain, further masking the underlying pathology.[2] This prolonged asymptomatic period creates a vast, underdiagnosed reservoir of patients who are not only capable of transmitting the virus but are also silently progressing toward severe, life-altering complications. The combination of a high rate of chronicity with a decades-long silent phase constitutes a public health crisis in disguise. By the time a diagnosis is made, often incidentally or upon the onset of severe symptoms, many patients have already developed advanced liver disease or established extrahepatic complications, rendering their management more complex and significantly increasing the burden on healthcare systems.[1] This clinical reality underscores the critical importance of routine screening for individuals in high-risk groups to facilitate early diagnosis.
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