Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV), a member of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, is a major respiratory pathogen affecting poultry worldwide, leading to significant economic losses. This review highlights the importance of biosecurity strategies in preventing and controlling ILTV outbreaks by exploring its taxonomy, transmission dynamics, and replication mechanisms. ILTV’s double-stranded DNA genome, enclosed in a capsid, tegument, and lipid envelope, facilitates immune evasion and persistent infections. The virus spreads through direct contact, respiratory droplets, and contaminated equipment, with wild birds acting as potential reservoirs. Understanding viral replication, including attachment, DNA synthesis, and release, provides insights into its pathogenesis and persistence. Effective biosecurity measures—such as controlled farm design, sanitation, personnel training, and vaccination—form the cornerstone of disease prevention. However, limitations such as cost, compliance, and evolving viral strains pose ongoing challenges. Emerging technologies like biosensors, genetic selection for resistant poultry breeds, and AI-based surveillance offer promising tools for future biosecurity enhancement. Integrating traditional and modern approaches ensures sustainable poultry health management and resilience against ILTV and other infectious diseases.