This study aims to analyze the influence of organizational structure and transactional leadership on teacher performance at SDI Sahabat Ilmu, with work motivation as a mediating variable. An explanatory quantitative method was used in this study, with a census sampling method involving all 30 teachers who were active in the school. Data analysis was carried out using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on SmartPLS software. The research instruments were compiled based on organizational structure theory, transactional leadership concepts, work motivation, and teacher performance indicators, using a five-point Likert scale. The findings of the study show that organizational structure has a positive impact on work motivation, but the effect is indirect on teacher performance. Meanwhile, transactional leadership has been proven to have a positive and significant impact on teachers' performance and work motivation. However, the results of the analysis showed that work motivation did not mediate the relationship between organizational structure and transactional leadership and teacher performance. This study makes an important contribution to the development of human resource management and leadership strategies in educational institutions, especially in an effort to increase teacher productivity.