When foreign substances enter our body, such as infectious microorganisms, macromolecules, and others, a collective and organized response from our body occurs to resolve this situation. Many studies of the immune response have already been conducted by scientists, but there are many other mechanisms to be understood due to the complexity of the immune system. Therefore, the great challenge of multidisciplinary studies is to understand and manage the immune system. This manuscript aims to study the immune system, emphasizing immunological memory, neuroimmunology, immunological placebo effect, and therapeutic updates of the immune system. In this study, a systematic review of the literature was carried out to investigate immunological memory, neuroimmunology, immunological placebo effect, emotional autoimmune response, and therapeutic updates of the immune system. The research included an analysis of experimental studies and reviews that discuss new diagnostic techniques and therapies in the management of these conditions. Recognized databases such as PubMed, Medline, SciELO, and Google Scholar were used for data collection. This methodological approach allowed the compilation and analysis of quality and relevant scientific literature, ensuring a broad and updated view of emerging practices in the immune system.