The study was performed on 31 blood samples collected from children (14 males and 17 females) from Different governorate they were suspected to infection with visceral leishmaniasis were they visited the central public health laboratories in Baghdad their ages ranged from (6 month – 9 years). All data were collected to each patients which included (name, ages and clinical sign and symptoms. All sera were tested by Immunofluorescent Antibodies Assay (IFAT) while interleukin -40 detected by using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. The results Indicated that (19) patients with fever, (22) patients with Hepatosplenomegally and (9) patients with different sign and Symptoms. only (8) out of 31 patients produced specific antibodies to visceral leishmaniasis by IFAT Assay. Also, the results indicated increase significantly the level of interleukin -40 in patients in comparison with healthy control.