Introduction: Although, the traditional medicine is frequently used in the treatment of neurological diseases in sub-Saharan Africa particularly in Mali, very few studies have characterized aspects such as the factors influencing the use of traditional medicine, the types of traditional medicine used, the neurological diseases for which traditional medicine is used, and the adverse events linked to traditional medicine. The aim of our work was to enrich the Neurology Department's data on neurological diseases and traditional medicine, focusing on the different types of traditional medicine used, the factors influencing their use, the neurological diseases for which traditional medicine is used and the adverse events related to traditional medicine use. Method: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study of outpatients and inpatients seen in the neurology department at CHU Gabriel TOURE, conducted over three (3) months. The data collected were entered and analyzed using the following software packages: SPSS version 22.0, Microsoft office Excel 2010 and Epi InfoTM 7. We performed a univariate analysis to obtain the mean and standard deviation for quantitative data, and the numbers and percentages for qualitative data. In the bivariate analysis, Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to determine a significant association between the categorical independent variables and the dependent variable. Values of p<0.05 are considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 106 patients admitted for consultation or hospitalization during the study period, the majority (91.5%) used traditional medicine. Patients with neurological diseases who used traditional medicine accounted for 57.5%. Stroke was the most frequent neurological diseases that motivated our patients to consult or to be hospitalized in the Department of Neurology (36.8%), followed by lumbo-radiculopathy (17.9%). Belief in traditional medicine was the most prevalent factor influencing the use of traditional medicine (57.4%). The majority of patients (83.6%) attributed their illness to divine punishment. Phytotherapy was the most common type of traditional medicine received by our patients (55.7%), followed by massage (27.9%). The majority of our patients had no adverse events (95.3%). Patients with epilepsy and low back pain were more likely to use traditional medicine than those who did not use traditional medicine (RR= 4.80; 95% CI= (1.14 - 20.20) and p= 0.006; RR= 6.27; 95% CI= (1.53 -25.78); p= 0.000). The use of phytotherapy was significantly more frequent in patients seen for stroke (p=0.000) and epilepsy (p=0.002) than others types of traditional medicine. In addition, massage was most frequently used in patients with low back pain (p=0.000) others types of traditional medicine. Conclusion: Our study showed that the majority of our patients used traditional medicine. More than half of patients with neurological diseases used traditional medicine. Factors influencing the use of traditional medicine were mainly dominated by belief in traditional medicine and cultural attachment to traditional medicine. The most commonly used types of traditional medicine are phytotherapy and massage. Neurological diseases for which traditional medicine is used are dominated by stroke and lomboradiculopathy. Almost all our patients have not experienced any adverse effects from traditional medicine.