Stray dog populations have significant ecological, social and health impacts on both human and wildlife populations. In urban areas, these feral pose challenges such as the spread of zoonotic diseases, aggressive encounters, and competition for resources, affecting public safety and sanitation. In wildlife habitats, stray dogs disrupt the ecosystem by preying on native species, transmitting diseases, and competing with the indigenous predators. Additionally, human activities, including improper waste disposal and habitat encroachment aggravate the issue by providing the feral dogs with sustenance and shelter. Effective management strategies that include sterilization programs, community engagement, and policy interventions, are essential to mitigate the negative consequences while fostering sustainable coexistence. This paper explores the complex interactions between stray dogs, humans and wildlife and outlines effective strategies for balanced management.