Ergonomics is an interdisciplinary field that studies the relationship between people and various systems, aiming to improve human welfare and optimize system efficiency. In dentistry, ergonomics plays a critical role in sustaining clinicians' competence, efficiency, and ability to deliver high-quality treatment throughout their careers. Given the confined working field of the oral cavity, which demands precision within mere millimetres and careful force application, dental professionals are required to maintain static postures that involve prolonged muscle contraction, often engaging nearly 50% of their musculature. This physical strain, if unmanaged, can lead to various musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), compromising both practitioner health and patient care. This review aims to consolidate current literature on dental ergonomics, risk factors, the development of MSDs and techniques to improve ergonomics.