Smoking is a significant global public health concern, leading to many conditions such as cancer, pulmonary diseases, and cardiovascular disorders. This article examines the impact of smoking on human health, highlighting its biochemical and physiological effects. The study highlights the detrimental effects of prolonged tobacco use, considering both active and passive smoking. The study also examines the challenges associated with smoking cessation and the role of nicotine dependence in this process. The research evaluates public health programs and preventative strategies designed to reduce smoking prevalence. The findings emphasize the urgent necessity for comprehensive smoking control policies, awareness programs, and targeted cessation measures to mitigate the adverse health effects of smoking.