International humanitarian law and international human rights law are two distinct but complementary bodies of law. They are both concerned with the protection of the life, health and dignity of individuals. IHL applies in armed conflict while human rights law applies at all times, in peace and in war. The interplay between human rights and humanitarian law in armed conflict remains a critical area of legal and ethical discourse. While international humanitarian law (IHL) governs the conduct of hostilities, human rights law ensures fundamental freedoms and protections even in war. This article examines the practical challenges in implementing these legal frameworks, the role of state and non-state actors, and mechanisms for enforcement and accountability. Through an analytical approach, the study evaluates case studies from recent conflicts to assess the effectiveness of international legal instruments.