Cervical cancer remains a global health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite advancements in prevention and treatment, limited HPV vaccine coverage hampers cervical cancer elimination efforts. The HPV vaccine, recommended since 2006, has shown high efficacy, preventing up to 90% of HPV-related cancers. Recent innovations, such as single-dose vaccines, aim to enhance accessibility and affordability. This review highlights advancements in HPV vaccination strategies, focusing on equitable access, vaccine efficacy, and the path toward achieving the World Health Organization’s goal of cervical cancer elimination.