The prevalence of oral diseases has escalated to a global scale, warranting acknowledgment as critical public health issues. With an estimated 3.5 billion individuals worldwide affected by oral diseases, the implications extend far beyond mere dental concerns, encompassing the fundamental health, well-being, and socio-economic productivity of billions. Among these, certain demographic subsets, such as pregnant women, school-aged children, adolescents, the elderly, and physically challenged children, stand out as particularly vulnerable groups prone to oral diseases and associated detrimental habits. Notably, personal behaviours including inadequate oral hygiene practices, tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, and consumption of nutritionally deficient diets represent modifiable risk factors significantly impacting oral health outcomes within these populations. Addressing these factors requires a multifaceted approach that integrates preventive strategies, education, and targeted interventions tailored to the unique needs and challenges faced by these special groups. The overarching rationale for this literature review stems from the pressing need to comprehensively understand the multifaceted challenges and opportunities surrounding oral health within special groups. By synthesizing existing knowledge, identifying gaps, and critically evaluating current interventions and strategies, this review aims to provide a robust foundation for informed decision-making and evidence-based practices in oral health education and promotion. In this context, the pivotal role of oral health education emerges as a cornerstone in promoting positive health behaviours and fostering sustainable oral health practices. By empowering individuals and communities with knowledge and skills related to oral hygiene, healthy lifestyle choices, and preventive measures, we can affect substantial improvements in oral health outcomes and overall quality of life. Thus, advocating for innovative, culturally sensitive, and cost-effective strategies that prioritize oral health education within social and cultural frameworks becomes imperative. Such approaches not only hold promise for mitigating the burden of oral diseases but also contribute significantly to enhancing broader health outcomes and fostering inclusive, healthier communities.