Problem: Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) is increasingly acknowledged as vital for educational achievement, obstacles such as inadequate resources, poor teacher training, and the necessity for cultural adaptation impede its efficient execution in several educational environments. Purpose: The objective of this literature review is to examine the fundamental elements of Social and Emotional Learning (SEL), its influence on academic achievement and emotional health, and the obstacles encountered in its development and execution within various educational settings. Methods: Methods: The study consolidates information from several studies, including meta-analyses, longitudinal research, and case studies, to evaluate the efficacy of SEL programs in enhancing student outcomes. It examines obstacles to effective implementation and ways for surmounting these hurdles, including improved teacher training and resource distribution. Results: Findings indicate that the five essential abilities of social-emotional learning—self-awareness, self-regulation, social awareness, responsible decision-making, and relationship skills—are vital for improving students’ academic achievement, emotional management, and interpersonal relationships. Research indicates that social-emotional learning enhances executive skills, including attention regulation and persistence, resulting in quantifiable academic improvements. Moreover, SEL promotes emotional well-being by alleviating worry, augmenting empathy, and strengthening resilience. Nonetheless, obstacles such as insufficient finance, teacher readiness, and the necessity for cultural adaptations persist in several schools, particularly in under-resourced districts. Conclusion: Although SEL programs have advantages in enhancing academic achievement and emotional well-being, surmounting implementation obstacles necessitates systemic backing, sufficient resources, and ongoing professional development for educators. Confronting these obstacles is essential for guaranteeing the continuous and efficient incorporation of SEL into educational systems.