Introduction: Malnutrition is a major public health problem in several countries around the world. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of risk factors for the occurrence of types of malnutrition in children aged 6 to 59 months at the URENI of the CSRéf in Commune V. Method and Materials: Sampling was exhaustive; the sample size was 73 children. Results: The female sex was the most represented (55%), the most represented age group was 12 to 24 months (49.31%) and the majority of the children were not vaccinated. The mothers ranged in age from 20 to 34 years (64.38%), and were mostly uneducated, housewives (89.04%) and multiparous (64.4%). The most common form of SAM was marasmus (72.60%) and malaria was the most common pathology associated with severe acute malnutrition (54.8%). Risk factors for malnutrition included poverty (38%), food insecurity (20.5%), disease (13.7%) and poor diet (13.7%). A statistically significant link was found between the risk factors and the type of severe acute malnutrition. Conclusion: SAM is common in the Commune V CSREF, and the risk factors for its occurrence remain dominated by poverty.