The American culture wars at the end of the 20th century was characterized by deep divisions over the role of religion in public life and a range of social issues. Great divergences occurred in mainline religions, leading to the occurrence of the religious progressives and religious conservatives. Both sides got aligned with their counterparts across traditional religious traditions, and launched the culture wars. These conflicts had a long-lasting impact on American society and politics, setting the stage for the ongoing debates and shaping the cultural landscape in the 21st century.