Practices of School-based assessment is one of the critical components of assessment in Ghanaian schools. It practices and challenges teachers faced were explored in the Bawku Municipality in the Upper East Region of Ghana. All the teachers at the Junior High Schools in Bawku Central were involved. Questionnaires were used in the collection of the data. Means and standard deviation were used for the analysis. The study revealed Junior High School teachers’ practices of Classroom-based assessment were very low. Also, the study revealed numerous challenges teachers at the Junior High School in Bawku Central faced. The study, therefore, recommended that the stakeholders of the schools in Bawku Central should take it as a matter of urgency to encourage teachers to develop positive attitudes towards the application of SBA. Also, Ghana Education Service in Bawku Municipality should ensure that there is a regular supply of assessment materials to all schools to avoid teachers asking students to provide their assessment materials for their projects. Moreover, Bawku Municipal Education Service should negotiate with stakeholders who have an interest in education to organize in-service training on how to prepare assessment items, especially SBA tasks. This would go a long way to help the teachers construct good SBA items.