From time immemorial and even as it is nowadays, mining operations has been coined as one of the world’s most dangerous activities that are associated with a lot of high risks including loss of lives and untold accident and diseases. This issue of the protection of the health and safety of mineworkers in Cameroon in particular and the world at large has been a called for concern for quite some time and even as we speak. Mining being relatively a new field, the Cameroonian Government still has so many things to put together, especially in the domain of it legislation. One of such is the protection of workers therein. Given that the 1992 Cameroonian Labour code on the one hand has no express or specific provisions for the health and safety of mineworkers and the newly 2016 mining code of Cameroon on the other hand which is the main piece of legislation governing mining operations has not done any better, especially as the protection of the health and safety of such categories of workers in the national territory is concern, and even as a member of the ILO, she has failed to ratify some important ILO Conventions, especially Convention no 176 concerning safety and health of workers in mines, whose purpose is to ensure the social protection of workers and to safeguard fundamental human rights in the mineral exploitation sector. This paper adopts a purely qualitative research method involving an in-depth content analysis based on primary and secondary sources of data collection, this paper questions the effectiveness of the protection of the health and safety of mineworkers in the Cameroonian mining milieu and challenges encountered.