CRISPR-associated (Cas) genes are responsible for detecting abnormally identified repeats. The CRISPR array spacers assist the Cas protein in locating and removing the intrusive DNA by using protospacers. The manipulation of matter at the atomic and molecular scale to create materials with incredibly diverse and unique properties is known as nanotechnology. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and fullerenes are the two primary types of carbon-based NPs. Fullerenes contain allotropic forms of carbon and other nanomaterials made of globular hollow cages. NPs of the alkali and noble metals, such as Cu, Ag, and Au, occupy a sizable absorption band in the visible portion of the solar electromagnetic spectrum. Cutting-edge materials of today rely on the manufacturing of metal nanoparticles with precise size, shape, and aspect ratios. Nanomaterials are added to cement to act as binding agents. These nanoparticles enhance the chemical and physical properties of strength, durability, and workability for the long-term potential of the construction sector. These materials are potentially valuable in a range of situations due to their fascinating and adjustable electrical, chemical, and physical properties.