Background: Metachronous colorectal cancer (CRC) is defined as the development of a second primary CRC at least 6 months after the treatment of the first CRC. The incidence of metachronous CRC ranges from 0.6% to 3.9%, and the risk factors include age, synchronous lesions, location and stage of the first CRC, and family history. We report a rare case of metachronous two colonic cancer arising in ascending and sigmoid colon, 13 years apart, without performing colostomy (stoma).

Grey cast iron (GCI) is characterized by brittleness, making it unsuitable for use in applications requiring high impact loading. Hence, efforts were made in this study to produce GCI with improved mechanical properties by addition of copper. Four samples were produced, the first sample was not alloyed (control), and the second, third and fourth were alloyed with 1.4wt.%Cu, 1.8wt.%Cu and 2.2wt.%Cu respectively. The samples were characterized using scanning electron microscope with EDS, and tested in tensile, hardness and impact. From the results, silicon contents of the alloyed samples are high relative to the control sample. The control and 2.2wt.%Cu alloyed samples are hypereutectic with carbon equivalent values (CEVs) of 4.391% and 4.200% respectively, while the 1.4wt.%Cu and 1.8wt.%Cu alloyed samples are hypoeutectic with CEVs of 3.940% and 3.600% respectively. The control sample is characterized by long graphite flakes, which are uniformly distributed within ferritic - pearlitic matrix. Graphite flakes of the 1.4 wt.% Cu and 1.8 wt.% Cu alloyed samples are uniformly distributed within pearlitic - ferritic matrix, while graphite flakes of the 2.2wt.%Cu alloyed sample are uniformly distributed within ferritic-pearlitic. Average graphite flake length of the control sample is high as compared to the copper alloyed samples, while graphite flake count of the control sample is low relative to the copper alloyed samples. Tensile strength characteristics of the copper alloyed samples are superior to the control sample. Optimum tensile strength characteristics (165.9 Nm2) was obtained at 1.4wt.%Cu. Ductile characteristic of the of control the sample is superior to ductile characteristics of the copper alloyed samples. Optimum ductility characteristic (3.82%) was obtained at 2.2 wt. %Cu. Hardness characteristics of the copper alloyed samples are superior to hardness characteristic of the control sample. Optimum hardness characteristics (61 HRB) was obtained at 1.4wt.%Cu. Impact strength characteristic of the control sample is low relative to impact strength characteristics of the copper alloyed samples. Optimum impact strength characteristics (78.93 KJ/m2) was obtained at 2.2wt.%Cu.

Mental health practices and services in the Middle East have been profoundly shaped by the region's rich historical and cultural context, intertwined with the traditions of major monotheistic religions. This analytical literature review synthesizes existing scholarly research to examine the historical development of mental health approaches, current challenges and barriers, and potential future implications. Tracing the evolution from ancient practices to the establishment of psychiatric institutions and the integration of Western medicine, the review uncovers the impact of the Middle East's unique heritage on its mental health landscape. Current challenges include pervasive stigma, inadequate training for healthcare professionals, limited access to evidence-based interventions, and cultural barriers hindering open communication. The review explores recommendations such as implementing e-mental health interventions, developing national mental health strategies, collaborating with traditional healers, promoting public education campaigns, providing culturally responsive services and training, and garnering robust government support. By bridging knowledge gaps, challenging systemic barriers, and fostering cross-cultural collaborations, the Middle East can pave the way towards destigmatizing mental health, increasing accessibility, and embracing comprehensive, culturally sensitive support for individuals and communities.

Alchornea cordifolia extract is widely used as ethnomedicine in Ivory coast to treat various ailments related to bacterial, fungal, parasitic and inflammatory disorders, infertility problems, among other. Here, the objective was to evaluate some long lasting neuroprotective properties of Alchornea cordifolia extract against a rat’s model of LPS-induced early-life neuroinflammation. The neuroinflammation was induced with a single dose of LPS (1mg/kg, i.p) in neonatal rats (postnatal day 4) or PBS rats (1ml/100g, vehicle). Six hours later, some LPS rats were treated either with minocycline (50 mg/kg, i.p) or Alchornea cordifolia extract (200 or 400 mg/kg, p.o) for 14 consecutive days. Then, rats were followed carefully till adulthood (P 90) for the evaluation of cognitive behavioral status and oxidative damage level in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Results showed that the treatment with Alchornea cordifolia extract (200 or 400 mg/kg) attenuated LPS-induced deficits of spatial learning and memory (Y-maze and Morris water maze) and recognition memory (Object recognition test). However, only dose of 200 mg/kg of Alchornea cordifolia extract reduced significantly lipid peroxidation through MDA content and enhanced the enzymatic antioxydant SOD level in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. On the whole, the threshold dose 200 mg/kg of Alchornea cordifolia demonstrated long lasting beneficial neuroprotective effects against LPS-induced early-life neuroinflammation incomparable to reference molecule minocycline. This findings suggest that Alchornea cordifolia rich in quercitrin bioactive need further biochemical and histopathology studies before promising as efficient therapeutic agent against neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases.

Background: Imposter syndrome is a psychological condition in which a person's fails to acknowledge and recognize their achievements regardless of having proof for fear they might come across as a fraud. Objectives: To find out the rate of imposter syndrome and its relation to grade and gender among medical students. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study conducted between December 2023 and February 2024, among a convenient sample of students from college of medicine, Al –Mustansiriyah University. Data was collected via self – administrated questionnaire based on Clance Imposter Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) to determine the prevalence of imposter syndrome. Results: Five hundred and fifty-three students enrolled in this study. According to Clance IP scale, 281(50.8%) of the study group were designated as moderate Imposter characteristics. The results showed that moderate Imposter characteristics was observed among 109 (46.58%) of male students and 172 (53.92%) of female students. Moreover, intense IP experiences was noticed more among male students (6.41%) in comparison to (4.39%) of female students. The results demonstrated that moderate Imposter characteristics was a shared complained among the four grades students enrolled in the study, as (47%,51.56%,53.41%& 51.85%) of the 2nd ,3rd ,4th and 5th students respectively. Furthermore, 5th grade students reported the highest rate (8.64%) of intense IP experiences in comparison to other grades. Conclusion: The imposter phenomenon exists in a meaningfully high rate among medical students. Both genders are at equivalent risk of having an imposter phenomenon. Medical college administrations need to implemented some interventions that can address this problem and improve the wellness of medical students.

This research paper attempt to explore the awareness level of B. Ed. College Teachers in West Bengal, India, regarding copyright laws for e-content protection as an important aspect of intellectual property rights education. Basic objectives of this study is to measure the current awareness level among the B. Ed. College Teachers, understanding the factors that influence their awareness, and providing recommendations to enhance their awareness level. To achieve these objectives, a descriptive survey research design was adopted by the researcher, employing a semi-structured questionnaire to collect data from the B. Ed. College Teachers situated in three distinct districts of West Bengal; North 24 Parganas, Murshidabad, and Paschim Medinipur. Participants of this study were B. Ed. College Teachers in West Bengal, and a sample size of 151 respondents were purposively selected using the stratified sampling technique. Here in this study, researcher used descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, and thematic analysis to analyse the data. Findings of this study revealed the existing level of awareness among B. Ed. College Teachers concerning copyright laws and regulations relevant to protection e-content. Additionally, this research identified various influential factors that shape their level of awareness. And this research significantly contributes to our understanding on the awareness level of B. Ed. College Teachers in West Bengal, India, pertaining to the copyright and e-content protection.

Apply POA to the ideological and political education of English major writing course in China’s Higher Education, try to build an ideological and political teaching model of English major writing course, and take Unit 3 Crime and Justice of EnglishThink: Argumentative Writing as an example to analyze the implementation path that integrates some essential ideological and political elements in the teaching process of “driving, promoting, and evaluating” in POA theory. It is found that the ideological and political education of English writing course from the perspective of POA can expand the scope of POA teaching theory, cultivate the English writing skills and critical thinking abilities of English major students, and improve their humanistic literacy, patriotism, and international vision.