An Islamic approach from its theological sources to address the spiritual pain related to palliative care of terminally ill patients can be established on attaining a spiritual stage of soul or spirit termed as reassured soul. The attainment of such stage is based on hope of the patient to receive mercy and forgiveness of God. And the way of attainment of hope is possible by doing the repentance, praying, and patience. In combating the pain and suffering, the patient is supposed to understand that the life in its reality is a test and facing such a test is possible by two ways, one is patient centric by building patience within to endure the suffering and second is seeking help from God by praying. For the spiritual well-being, the patient should understand that his suffering is in fact expiation for his sins. On the other hand, the visitors and caregivers of patients have certain responsibilities that contribute to enhancing of the spiritual well-being of the patient, including comforting them by giving hope to the patients and at the same time praying for their recovery. These all elements enhance the spiritual well-being of patients and help in prevention of suffering by spiritual means.

Background: The cardiac and respiratory arrest has high mortality rate which can be easily prevented with simple maneuver and skills and CPR which is an effective procedures if adopted under BLS within early critical minutes of cardiac and respiratory arrest. The aim of this study is to determine the level of awareness of basic life support (BLS) among doctors. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted on doctors working in Liaquat University hospital Hyderabad and Jamshoro. A multi-section questionnaire regarding awareness of Basic Life Support. In total 348 doctors were selected through convenient non-probability sampling technique. Analysis was done in SPSS version 22.0 & Chi-square test was applied to seek association between variable of interest. Results: The relationship of awareness about BLS to age & gender of respondents cumulatively showed significant association (p=0.01). Regarding years of job experience, 60.91% had experience 2-6 years; another 11.8% participants had experience of more than 14 years. Regarding previous experience of BLS, 69% of respondents replied that they had previous experience of BLS. Around 94.0 respondents were of the opinion that CPR procedure should bemandatory to all health care providers. There were 71.8% respondents who had complete knowledge about all components of chest compression during CPR. Conclusions: Despite the high level of awareness about BLS among doctors & enabling environment of hospitals, there is a gap in practicing it. This gap needs to be filled through continuous persuasion of health care providers.

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease with symptoms that affect many aspects of daily life. Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of exercise guidelines brochure on daily living activities and disease symptoms for patients′ with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Research Design: Pre-posttest research design. Sample: Sixty adult patients from both sex their age range between (40-65) years. Setting: The study was conducted in neurology department and its outpatient clinic at Sohag University Hospital. Tools: Two tools were used: first tool interview questionnaire sheet, second tool Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Results: The present study revealed that there were statistically significant differences between pre and post application of exercises guidelines regarding activities of daily living, and disease symptoms. Conclusion: Exercises guidelines were effective in improving daily living activities and disease symptoms for patients with Parkinson’s disease. Recommendation: Exercise program for Parkinson’s disease patients should be available in the neurology department and outpatient clinic at Sohag University Hospital.

Background: Nurse educators have the potential to create a substantial effect on nursing students concerning cultural competence process. With this background, investigating the nurse educators’ level of cultural competence can enhance how educators provide classroom and clinical instruction. Purpose: The main aim of this study was to assess the cultural competence level among academic nursing educators. Further to identify the associated factors to the overall cultural competence score of nurse educators. Methods: A descriptive correlational research design was conducted at College of Nursing, Jeddah- Saudi Arabia. All academic nurse educators were included in the study (N=45). Cultural Diversity Questionnaire for Nurse Educators-Revised [CDQNE-R] ‎was proved reliable to measure study variables. Findings: The result of this study shows that the majority of academic nursing educators had a moderate level of overall cultural competence. They are committed to transcultural teaching behaviours as a motivator and predictor toward pursuing cultural competency. Nurse educators with more work experience, fluent of other language and integrating culture in their courses, were more culturally competent. Nationality doesn’t affect culture competence. Discussion: Culture competency is an essential and basic skill for all nurse educators regardless of their nationalities and background. Cultural competence develops through practice and self-development and working experience which could have a positive influence on the cultural competence level of nurse educators. Conclusion: Professional cultural programs for Faculty need to be mandated and inclusive of the major constructs of cultural competence specifically culture encounter in clinical skills and interactions with individuals from culturally diverse backgrounds.