Confidence is an important aspect of one’s personality and a confident smile makes the picture complete. With the increased awareness and changing times people seeking dental treatment for aesthetic purpose has significantly increased. One of the commonest cause for unaesthetic smile is the presence of discolored teeth. Though there are various reasons for the discoloration of the teeth, Flourosis which is endemic in various parts of world is one of the major causes of the discoloration. Various treatment options are available to conceal the discoloration. This case report represents one such modality of smile makeover using ceramic laminate veneers.

A group of neoplasms that share the characteristic light microscopic appearance of being composed of relatively small, round to round-spindled, monotonous, seemingly undifferentiated cells. It comprises all significant categories of neoplasms- carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, and neuroendocrine- neuroectodermal tumors. Hence microscopic similarity between them and the diagnosis in routine histologic examination extremely difficult. This heterogeneous group of lesions becomes a diagnostic challenge. The diagnosis depends on clinical, radiological, pathological and genetic features. Each lesion has its own has distinctive features but histopathologically termed as ‘round cell tumors’. This article provides an insight into this group of intriguing round cell lesions, which are characterized by varied histopathological features and their associated confirmatory immuno-histochemical markers for a reliable and a consistent diagnosis.

The bond strength of composite to enamel depends upon the depth the degree of demineralization, the number and length of resin tags and their surface area. Although both dentin and enamel are different in many aspects both equally contribute to the success of composite restoration. This article highlights the differences in bonding mechanism to enamel and dentin and their significance.

Objective: The purpose of the study to assess the relationship between oral health and the general health of individuals especially tooth loss and the systemic illness. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 804 digital orthopantomograms (OPGS) taken of patients, age ranging between 20 and 70 years, who presented to treatment at the Regional Dental Center, AL-Qassim, Saudi Arabia between 2018 and 2019. The OPGS and dental records were reviewed for missing teeth among patients with systemic illness. Results: We found a high prevalence of tooth loss in hypertension (10.63), DM (9.62), hypothyroidism (6.79) and Asthma (6.35). Conclusion: This study reported a high prevalence of tooth loss among the patients with systemic illness rather than the patients with no systemic illness. The presence of more than one illness and older age patients showed a high prevalence of tooth loss. These findings clarify the importance of the effect of the systemic health on the oral health.

Background: Oral health entails practicing and maintenance of good oral hygiene. It is an integral part of general health. Aim: To determine the oral health behavior among dental, medical and nursing students of the Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja Lagos. Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The survey was conducted among dental, medical and nursing students of Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, using a self-administered structured questionnaire, which assessed their oral health attitude and practices. The obtained data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21 software. Results: One hundred and thirty participated in the study. More than twenty-eight percent (28.5%) brush twice a day, 27.7% use dental floss regularly, and only 47.7% use water to rinse after meals. About 56.9% of the medical students have never been to a dentist. A few, 7.7% have undertaken the every 6 months dental visits and 77.7% agreed that oral hygiene was necessary for good general health. The study also showed that female students (both dental and medical) showed better oral health practices than male students. Conclusion: Although dental students exhibited better practice towards oral health, but there was a lack of adequate attitude among them. Further emphasis on oral health is necessary in undergraduate training to improve the oral health attitude and practice among dental, medical and nursing students as they will act as role models for oral health education among individuals and community at large.

Brief Background: Dentistry is facing its darkest hour yet, with the growth and spread of the Coronavirus pandemic. Dental surgeons are at the highest risk of contracting and transmitting the Coronavirus, alongside paramedics, nurses, and other healthcare workers. Dental clinics across the country were shut for over two months. With the pandemic still on the growth curve, there is no hope of revival anytime soon, compounded by zero earnings by dental practitioners and staff at clinics. To our knowledge, no study addresses the dentist’s perspective in such testing times, where they are entirely restricted to the confines of their homes. Aim: To assess the effects of COVID-19 and the lockdown on Indian Dentists and their practice. Materials and Methods: A self-designed online exploratory questionnaire of 18 questions was distributed to 400 potential responders. This cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey questionnaire among dentists of Maharashtra in India. Dentists were enquired for demographics, experience, education and questions based on the current scenario and was used to give results among the study population. Results and Discussion: Out of the Four hundred dentists who were approached, a total of Two hundred and twenty subjects returned the questionnaire. 38.2% dentists' clinics were open but seeing lower patient volume than usual and 31.8% dentists were closed but seeing emergency patients. Also 28.2% dentists were closed and not seeing any patients. All the dentists replied in affirmative when asked if the virus and lockdown affected their practice. 69.1% dentists did attend to patients on emergency basis and the same percentage of dentists practiced teledentistry. 68.2% dentists were facing problems with their rents, wages and payments related to their practice. 80.9% of dentists were prepared to reopen their practice and 53.6% of dentists were planning to increase the treatment charges. 31.5% of dentists had a stock of PPE which would last those 1-6 days and 25% had a stock lasting them more than a month. 47.3% were highly concerned regarding the risk of transmission of Covid-19 to themselves, their team and the patients. Summary and Conclusion: With the recent claims the Covid-19 is here to stay for a while, it is essential that dentists must be fully prepared before providing services and must attain proper awareness to limit the disease spread.

Vagina is a part of the female genital tract leading from external genitals to the cervix of the uterus. It is a muscular and an elastic organ. There are various malformations that can occur in the female genital organ, one among them being Mullerian Agenesis. Mullerian agenesis/ MRKH syndrome is a congenital anomaly in females due to the developmental failure of vagina from the mullerian duct. This results in aplasia of the uterus/ vagina or presence of rudimentary uterus and upper part of the vagina.1 It is the most common cause of primary amenorrhea. Women with vaginal agenesis usually suffer from mental depression and they are deprived of a normal social life. It is mandatory to educate and motivate the patients and their family about the various treatment options available and carry out the treatment which is best suited according to the patient’s needs. The most common treatment modalities include non-surgical methods, surgical methods or combination of both. Surgical creation of neovagina along with the use of a neovaginal prosthesis can go a long way in improving the quality of life of the patient. This article presents a case report of a young woman with MRKH syndrome who was referred to the Department of Prosthodontics for fabrication of a neovaginal prosthesis which was to be used after surgery to maintain a patent passage. The neovaginal prosthesis was fabricated by a Maxillofacial Prosthodontist using autopolymerizing acrylic resin.

This review article describes about the various surface treatments or modifications of the dental implants. Previously dental clinicians believe that osteogenic cells did not responds to the changes in the Nano structure of the dental implant surface but recent studies have shown that Osteogenic cells responds to the surface modifications or various surface modifications1. This review article describes about the Titanium dioxide Nano tube arrangement, functional peptide coatings, fluoride treatment, calcium phosphorus application, UV photo functionalization. Various studies have shown that these surface treatments increase the dental implant survival rate to 95%.

Objectives: To survey and analyze the distributive pattern of dentists working in private dental clinics in Al-Ahsa Governorate, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This study used a unified questionnaire to survey private dental clinics in Al-Ahsa Governate from August to December 2019. Clinics were included if they had registered with the Ministry of Health and were operating in Al-Ahsa’s private sector. Clinics that were not available to visit during the survey period were excluded. During the study, participating clinics were visited and several data points were collected for each facility, including the total number of practicing dentists, year they joined the facility, and each clinician’s nationality, gender, and specialization. Results: The study showed 69 dental clinics registered with the Ministry of Health and serving the private sector in Al-Ahsa Governate. Sixty-six clinics (95.7%) agreed to participate. In the resulting survey of 301 practicing dentists, 73.8% were non-Saudi with Egyptians making up the largest national group at 27.2%. Among the Saudi dentists (n=79), 95% had joined their clinic in the last three years. For all participants the primary specialization was general dentistry (80.4%), the majority of whom were Saudi (31%) or Egyptian (27.7%). Among the dental specialists, 42.4% were orthodontists followed by maxillofacial surgeons at 27%. Conclusion: Private dental clinics in Al-Ahsa governorate are operated mainly by non-Saudi dentists. In the last three years, the number of Saudi general dentists joining private dental clinics has increased but there is still a need for dental specialists.

Aim: (a) to investigate the effect of Alveolar Ridge Preservation (ARP) on subsequent implant placement (IP) procedures and (b) to identify prognostic factors for ARP in relation to future IP. Material and Methods: Electronic and paper records of patients receiving one or more extractions with or without ARP followed by IP were reviewed in this study. Any sites with previously missing teeth, those that received immediate IP, growth factors, records with inadequate information or missing data were excluded. The need for additional grafting at IP, additional grafting prior to IP and sinus augmentation were the primary outcome measures. Statistical analyses were performed. Results: Out of a total of 1640 records reviewed, 829 patients with 1416 implants were included in the data analysis. There were no statistically significant differences between the sites that received ARP following extraction and the naturally healing sites on the need for grafting at IP, grafting prior to IP and sinus augmentation. The type of operator (general dentist or periodontist), smoking status, use of membrane at the time of ARP, loss of socket wall at the time of extraction and history for periodontal disease were confounding variables. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, ARP procedure used of implant site preparation did not show addition benefit on the future implant related outcome.