NO ABSTRACT

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is affecting 213 countries and territories around the world. The disease causes respiratory illness (like the flu) with symptoms such as a cough, fever, and in more severe cases, difficulty breathing, cardiac problems were also observed in many COVID-19 patients.We theorize that COVID-19 induce mutation in chromosome 4 lead to 4p15.1-pter Duplication and a 4q35.1-qter Deletion , and the neurological and cardiac disorders observed among infected persons resulted from retrotransposition mechanism of gene duplication occur in the specified region of chromosome 4 mentioned above. Genetic studies to chromosome 4 of COVID -19 patients recommended to confirm MOA duplication and deletion theory (4p15.1-pter Duplication and a 4q35.1-qter Deletion).

COVID-19 is a universal disaster that affects the global health, economy, and restricts population movements. In this study we introduce MNa theory to treat this viral crisis using triple therapy composed from combination of that minocycline, N-acetylcysteine and Aspirin. As we haven’t facilities and no confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Sudan up to date, so we send my suggestions to save my brothers and sisters in humanity worldwide, and I hope that god bless my suggestions and gain fruitful results through animal experimentation of triple combination therapy.

COVID-19 is a universal disaster that affects the global health, economy, and restricts population movements. In this study we suggest that minocycline; second generation of tetracycline antibiotic with platelets transfusion may cure COVID-19 patients. As we have no facilities and even no positively confirmed patients in Sudan, so we send my suggestions to save my brothers and sisters in humanity worldwide, and I hope that god bless my suggestions and gain fruitful results.

Vitamin D is a fat soluble hormone, with a well explained function in bone fitness and calcium/phosphate metabolism. Current proofs have linked vitamin D to other physiological functions and pathological states. Addition of vitamin D supplements to the theorized (Minocycline, N-acetylcysteine and Aspirin) triple combined therapy to COVID-19, may improve the therapeutic efficacy of the joint therapy. Invivo and invitro laboratory experiments will confirm this theory about COVID-19 crisis.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Commelina diffusa on gentamicin induced-nephrotoxicity in rats. Nephrotoxicity was induced by intraperitoneal injection of gentamicin (80 mg/kg) for 10 days. Simultaneous, extracts were administered at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg. Silimaryn (100 mg/kg) was used as reference drug. At the end of the experimental period, body weight, kidney weight, urine output, biochemical and antioxidants parameters were evaluated; kidney tissues were also examined. Results showed that gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity confirmed by a significant (p <0.05 to p <0.001) increased in serum urea, sodium and creatinine levels, and a significant (P<0.05) decreased of urine creatinine level in negative control group. In the same group, the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and the levels of gluthation and serum protein were significantly decreased while malondialdehyde level was increased compared to normal control. Aqueous and methanolic extracts of C. diffusa significantly reversed all the altered parameters. Histopathological examination of kidney tissues revealed that aqueous extract of C. diffusa at dose of 200 mg/kg repaired the renal damage induced by gentamicin. In conclusion, aqueous and methanolic extracts of C. diffusa possess nephroprotective effects.

Olax viridis Oliv. (Olacaceae) is a shrub common in the tropics and grows well in the forest and savannah region. Species of this genus are used traditionally in the treatment of breast cancer and related diseases among others. This study aims to report the antiproliferative and in vitro antioxidant activities of butanol fraction of O. viridis root bark. Extraction of the pulverized dry bark was done by cold maceration using methanol and was further partitioned successively with N-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Fractionation of butanol fraction was done with vacuum-liquid-chromatography and subfractions monitored with TLC. Phytochemical screening of fraction A-C was carried out using standard phytochemical method while their constituents were evaluated using TLC. Antiproliferative activity was determined by cell viability assay using Saccharomyces cerevisae (yeast) as a model organism while the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay was used for antioxidant evaluation in-vitro with ascorbic acid as the reference standard for comparison. All the sub-fractions contain sugar, steroids, triterpenes and saponins. Sub-fractions A, B and C showed constituents (Rf values of 0.23, 0.41, 0.51 and 0.58), (Rf values of 0.46 and 0.63) and (Rf values of 0.44 and 0.62) respectively. The sub-fraction A showed dose-dependent activities for DPPH radical scavenging activity thus A(IC50=1.60mg/ml) while antiproliferative activities of all the sub-fractions were dose dependent A(IC50=8.22mg/ml) >B( IC50=>10 mg/ml). Sub fraction A showed a promising activity, and this preliminary study validated the traditional use of Olax species in the treatment of cancer.