The effect of Momordica charantia leaf extract was evaluated on male wistar rats. The animals were randomly assigned into three (3) groups of six (6) rats each. Group one (1) served as control and received distilled water. Group two (2) and group three (3) received 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg of the hydromethanol (20%:80%) extract respectively. In the final 10 days of study, the males were co-habited with female rats [1 male:2 females]. Results obtained showed that the extract significantly (P<0.05) reduced Fertility index and percentage fertility of male rats. Decreased sperm quality previously observed with the extract of M. charantia with associated reductions in serum Testosterone level may be responsible for this observation.

Empty sella syndrome is a condition in which the pituitary gland appears to be partially or totally absent from the pituitary fossa. It is a misnomer in that, the sella is not truly empty, but filled with cerebrospinal fluid and as such, the pituitary gland is flattened or shrunken and hence not visualized on imaging. In most cases, it is asymptomatic and found on imaging as an incidental finding. In symptomatic cases it may present with headaches, CSF rhinorrhoea, visual field defects or partial or panhypopituitarism. Here we report a case of a 62 year old Nigerian male who presented with hemiparesis, and CT evidence of empty sella syndrome and myxedema crises.

Supracondylar fractures are a common entity among the pediatric age group and have been managed conservatively as well as operatively in various setups. In tertiary care setups, however, delayed presentation or failed closed reduction has posed a considerable challenge. Literature is few for anterior approach as it is a relatively new technique, but the outcomes were found to be satisfactory; it is also a safe approach. The present institution based, longitudinal, prospective study included 43 patients with Gartland type II/III fracture, aged 4-12 years attending the Orthopedics department within 2 weeks of fracture. 2 attempts of closed reduction after manipulation had failed in all patients. Open reduction and internal fixation was performed with K-wire through anterior cubital approach. Mayo Elbow Performance Score was used to assess functional outcome at 6 weeks, 3months and 6 months. At 6 months of follow up 55.8% of patients had excellent functional outcome and 41.9% patients had good outcome. Anterior approach is thus a viable alternative that can be explored further in cases of delayed presentation and failed reduction of supracondylar fractures in the pediatric patients.

Jateorhiza macrantha is a medicinal plant used in ethnomedicine for dysentery, cough, boil, ulcer, and inflammation, wound healing and venomous bite. This study is aimed at evaluating the anti-diarrheal activity of the aqueous ethanol extract from the leaves of Jateorhiza macrantha. The aqueous ethanol extract (AEE) was obtained by exhaustive cold maceration in 70% aqueous. The anti-diarrheal and anti-motility activities of the AEE were evaluated using the castor oil induced diarrheal and charcoal meal animal assays respectively. Loperamide (2mg/kg bw) and atropine sulphate (5 mg/kg bw) were used as reference anti-diarrheal and anti-motility agents respectively for comparison. The AEE shows dose dependent anti-diarrheal and anti-motility activities. The trend in the anti-diarrheal activity (% inhibition of fecal mass compared to negative control group): loperamide-2mg/kgbw (67.42%) > AEJML-400mg/kgbw (64.49%)>AEJML-200mg/kgbw (41.57%)>AEJML-100mg/kgbw (13.48%) and anti-motility (% inhibition of intestinal peristalsis index compared to negative control group): AEJML-250mg/kgbw(71.70%)>AEJML-125mg/kgbw(30.10%)>AEJML-100mg/kgbw(0.37%). The trend in anti-castor oil induced diarrheal and anti-motility activities obtained in this study for Jateorhiza macrantha justifies its use in ethno medicine for the treatment of diarrheal and related gas intestinal tracts illness.