Intestinal parasitic infections have been described as the greatest single globalcause of disease and illness.A survey of prevalence of intestinal parasites among the native Libyan people attending several health centers (governmental and private) in the city of Zawia. The study was designed to cover the period of 2010-2015. Stool tests from 12,850 patients was performed. 8950 specimens of the 12,850 examined were found to be infected with intestinal parasites. The infection rates were 69.6% among the native population. The rate of infection in females (65%) was higher than in males (34.9%). Overall, protozoa infections (92.4%) were higher thanhelminths infections (7.6%). Entamoeba histolytica (60.70%) and Giardia lamblia (31.73%) were the most common intestinal parasites identified. Among the helminths, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichiuris trichiura and Hymenolepis nana were the frequentones. The high prevalence rate of intestinal parasitic infections among the local Libyan people clearly indicates that there is continuous ongoing transmission of various parasitic infections in the community.

The term 3D printing is generally used to describe a manufacturing approach that builds objects one layer at a time, adding multiple layers to form an object. This process is more correctly described as additive manufacturing, and is also referred to as rapid prototyping.Used in aerospace, defence, art and design, 3D printing is becoming a subject of great interest in dentistry. Uses of 3D printing include the production of drill guides for dental implants, the production of physical models for prosthodontics, orthodontics and surgery, the manufacture of dental, craniomaxillofacial and orthopedic implants and the fabrication of copings and frameworks for implant and dental restorations. This paper reviews the types of 3D printing technologies available and their various applications in dentistry.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has been important human pathogen responsible for wide spectrum of infection ranging from mild to severe life threatening infection. The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence and susceptibility patterns of S. aureus nasal colonization among health care workers (HCWs). This study was done at the Department of Microbiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra. A cross sectional study was carried out. Four hundred and fifty (n=450) HCWs were screened for S. aureus by nasal swabbing. S. aureus strains were detected by gram staining, catalase test, slide and tube coagulase test, phosphatase test and antibiotic sensitivity testing by Kirby-Bauer Method. The Z-test was also carried out to detect standard error of difference between two proportions. Of the 450 samples screened 102 (23%) strains of S. aureus were isolated. The overall carriage rate of S. aureus in our study was 23% with the highest rate being seen among the nursing staff 42(28%) and other categories of HCWs i.e. Doctors and Housekeeping staff carriage rate was same 30 (20%) but it was less as compared to the nursing staff. A high rate of resistance (>50%) was found against ampicillin, erythromycin and penicillin. The isolates of S. aureus were more susceptible (>80%) to gentamycin, cefoxitin, vancomycin, cephalexin and tetracyclin. Our study showed that nursing staff were the potential colonisers of S. aureus when compared to other clinical staff. This study documents the prevalence and colonization of S. aureus among HCWs at our institute.

Possible Effect of Citrus Limon Juice and Tamoxifen on the Tumour growth mass Indices, Cell Proliferation, Cell Viability and Cytogenetic (Mitotic Index) of Sprague Dawley Rats Induced MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells was carried using, over one hundred and twenty Sprague dawley rats of 40 days old with average body weight 180-220g were divided into Ten (10) groups with 12 animals per group, group 1 was control, fed only with rat chow and water, group 2 was MCF-7 cell line induced Breast cancer rat alone (BCIR only), group 3 Citrus limon juice (CLJ) at 8.88%, Group 4 Citrus limon juicen (CLJ) at 17.32%, group 5 Citrus limon juice (CLJ) at 25.98%, group 6 was given 0.2mg/kg of Tamoxifen alone, group 7 (BCIR+ CLJ at 8.88%), group 8 (BCIR+ CLJ at 17.32%), group 9 (BCIR+CLJ at 25.98%) and group (BCIR+ 0.2mg/kg of Tamoxifen). Acute and sub – acute toxicity were carried out after the establishment of safety dose following determination of LD50, on the fresh Citrus limon juice, Tumour growth mass Indices were carrying out on weekly basis on the experimental rats, on completion of the administration of the treatments, animals were sacrificed, Blood was collected into Plain and hepariniced bottles simultaneously for Cytogenetic (Mitotic Index) analysis, Tumour tissues were also extracted, passaged and cells were cultured and analysed for Cell Proliferation and Cell Viability assays. Microscopically, it was revealed that DMSO at 1.5% was highly toxic to the MCF-7 cells and other components of media, meanwhile the Citrus limon juice at 8.88%, 17.32% and 25.98% showed minimum cell growth inhibition of MCF-7 cell lines and permit cell viability at 40%, 25% and 10% respectively without any effect on the media components. In conclusion, this study showed that Citrus limon juice posses anticancer activities and does not pose pathological conditions on the body during and after usage, hence it could be used as alternative therapy in the treatment of Breast cancer that are hormonal dependant in similar manner to Tamoxifen.

Background: The aim of this study is to identify the profile of patients being referred for cytogenetic analysis in the medical genetics and oncogenetics unit of FEZ Hassan II University Hospital, to determine the prevalence and type of chromosomal abnormalities in the different groups and to compare the results with those of similar studies done in other countries. Materials and Methods: We examined the analysis of 1,200 cases referred to the medical genetics and oncogenetics unit of FEZ, between September 2009 and June 2014. They were grouped according to the indications of the cytogenetic study. Frequencies of the different numerical and structural abnormalities were calculated. The relative frequency of cases with abnormal karyotypes was also determined in each group. Results and Discussion: 70,4% cases were referred from pediatric department and 54,4% are aged under 5 years old. Cytogenetic testing was essentially requested for Dysmorphism (25,6%), Mental Retardation (16%), Down syndrome (14%), girls’ growth retardation (13,8%) and for recurrent miscarriage (12,6%). Of the 1200 cases studied, 79% had a normal karyotype and 21% had chromosomal abnormalities. The most common chromosomal abnormality was trisomy 21 (11,7%) followed by Turner syndrome (2,1%) and Klinefelter syndrome (1,5%). Conclusion: This study compares the results of cytogenetic analysis of chromosomal abnormalities in the north Moroccan population with other studies and research centers. This comparison will help Moroccan clinicians to determine the priority for requesting a cytogenetic analysis in individual cases.

Various tension headaches are produce by emotional stress, fatigue, or problems connecting the joints or muscles of the jaw or neck. 1.002 And 1.030 is the ideal specific gravity of urine. Specific gravity outcome over 1.010 can show little dehydration. The upper the quantity, the further dehydrated you possibly will be. The urine indicative reagent band test use for the specific gravity of urine. In this study we concluded that specific gravity of urine is not related to the headache in tension. Because p ≥ 0.1 this is not a significant result.

The intention of present study was to evaluate any relation between nitrite in urine and watching horror movies. Over-all 100 subjects participated in this project. Nitrates and nitrites are the nitrogen comprising compounds. The variance is only in their structures. They are existing naturally in some vegetables, for example, green vegetable, celery and cabbage. The urine containing nitrates is considered as normal but existence of nitrites leads to urinary tract infection (UTI). Injurious bacteria live in kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. They induce nitrates into nitrites by the support of their enzymes. These are the cause of nitrites in urine that is perilous medical condition. The symptoms usually confronted during this problem are cloudy urine, smelling urine, blood in the urine, burning urination and increased urgency of urination. As we consider horror movies, the first thing that derives to mind is horror, fear or terror. Such movies even can congeal your blood. The impact of horror movies depends upon the person. Some people take pleasure watching these movies and some feel uncomfortable. But mostly people are ignorant about the effects of such scary movies. Some theories depict the positive impacts of such films and some make known their negative prospects. It was determined from the present study that watching horror movies had not really influenced people for having nitrites in their urine. A very few exhibited the positive results of nitrites in the urine which exposed non-significant relation between urine nitrites and watching horror movies.

The general objective was to evaluate the in vitro activity on Salmonella enterica of typhi stereotype of plant drugs used in the treatment of typhoid fever. The crop drugs harvested were processed and dried for three weeks. After maceration in ethanol, the crude extracts were concentrated using a rotary evaporator and a phytochemical screening was carried out. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extracts was evaluated in vitro on Salmonella enterica of typhi stereotype, by the method of microdilution in liquid medium on microplates of 96 wells in U bottom. Seven possibilities were offered for this evaluation in the microplates: three first (E1, E2 and E3) concerned the isolated extracts and the four others (E1 + E2 + E3, E1 + E2, E1 + E3 and E2 + E3) combinated extracts. The observation of the turbidity of the microplate liquid media after 24 h of incubation allowed the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentrations (CMI) and the seeding of the wells on solid media HEKTOEN and EM allowed the determination of the minimal bactericid concentrations (CMB). Characterization of the different groups of secondary metabolites in isolated ethanolic extracts revealed the presence of phenols, steroids, triterpenes, coumarins and alkaloids. Isolated extract of Costus afer showed a very low CMI and CMB with values of 0.07 and 0.15 mg/mL and was more active on Salmonella enteric typhi stereotype than the other two isolated extracts. Combination of Costus afer and Annickia chlorantha (E1 + E3) stems showed low CMI and CMB with values of 0.15 mg/mL and were more active on S. enterica of typhi stereotype. The combinated extracts showed CMB values between 0.15 and 0.60 mg/mL versus 0.15 and 1.25 mg/mL for the isolated extracts. Analysis of CMI and CMB has shown that combinated extracts have more effective antibacterial activities than isolated extracts because of the positive interactions between bioactive contents involved, and should be considered in in vivo pharmacological activities in rats.

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is a water-soluble micronutrient required for multiple biological functions. Ascorbic acid has been found to have a long history of use in traditional systems with antioxidant effects that can control the generation of free radicals. Free radical level was reported to be high in cancer cells. The objective of this study was to observe the effects of ascorbic acid (40mg/kg/BW/day for 12 weeks) on hematological and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in adult male rabbits. The effects of ascorbic acid on total erythrocyte counts (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total leukocyte counts (WBC), mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), plasma glutathione-S-transferease (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and thiobarbituric acidreactive substances (TBARS) at end of 12-week of treatment. Treatment with Ascorbic acid caused significant (P<0.05) increase in RBC and WBC, while did not cause any changes in Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, the activity of GSH and AChE compared to control. (TBARS) was significantly (P<0.05) decreased compared with control group. The study concludes that adding a Vitamin C source with a meal can improve anemia situation and reduce free radicals in adult male rabbits over an extended period of time

Diabetic foot and their complications are considered to be a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics in diabetic foot patients along with glycosylated hemoglobin levels and diabetes duration. We performed a retrospective study from June 2016 to March 2017 on a sample composed of 26 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic foot. Age of patients, duration of diabetes, HbA1c- level and diabetic foot complications data were collected from patient’s medical reports and hospital records. Most of the diabetic foot patients (DFPs) were affected with more than one comorbid complications such as hypertension (76.35%), peripheral neuropathy (57.7%), hyperlipidemia (43.9%), peripheral vascular disease (23.1%), coronary artery disease (19.2%), diabetic nephropathy (19.2%) and diabetic retinopathy (15.4%). It was also seen that all the DFPs had uncontrolled glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (>7.5%) and 73.1% had diabetes >10 years old. Prevalence of hypertension, diabetic peripheral neuropathy and hyperlipidemia were found in higher percentage as compare to other complications in DFPs.